Glossary and Vocabulary for Decorative Designs in Chinese Art 中国文物的纹饰, Pottery 陶器 Later Period 晚期
      Corpus Vocabulary Analysis
      Contents
      
        - Frequencies of Lexical Words
 
        - Frequencies of all Words
 
        
        - Proper Nouns
 
      
      Frequencies of Lexical Words
      
        
          
            | Rank | 
            Frequency | 
            Chinese | 
            Pinyin | 
            English | 
            Example Usage | 
          
        
        
        
          
            | 1 | 
            6 | 
            博物馆 | 
            bówùguǎn | 
            museum | 
            上海博物馆 | 
          
        
          
            | 2 | 
            5 | 
            年 | 
            nián | 
            year | 
            年 | 
          
        
          
            | 3 | 
            5 | 
            年 | 
            nián | 
            New Year festival | 
            年 | 
          
        
          
            | 4 | 
            5 | 
            年 | 
            nián | 
            age | 
            年 | 
          
        
          
            | 5 | 
            5 | 
            年 | 
            nián | 
            life span; life expectancy | 
            年 | 
          
        
          
            | 6 | 
            5 | 
            年 | 
            nián | 
            an era; a period | 
            年 | 
          
        
          
            | 7 | 
            5 | 
            年 | 
            nián | 
            a date | 
            年 | 
          
        
          
            | 8 | 
            5 | 
            年 | 
            nián | 
            time; years | 
            年 | 
          
        
          
            | 9 | 
            5 | 
            年 | 
            nián | 
            harvest | 
            年 | 
          
        
          
            | 10 | 
            5 | 
            年 | 
            nián | 
            annual; every year | 
            年 | 
          
        
          
            | 11 | 
            4 | 
            上海 | 
            shànghǎi | 
            Shanghai | 
            上海博物馆 | 
          
        
          
            | 12 | 
            3 | 
            公元 | 
            gōngyuán | 
            Christian era (CE); Gregorian calendar; AD (Anno Domini) | 
            公元 | 
          
        
          
            | 13 | 
            3 | 
            公元前 | 
            gōngyuán qián | 
            Before the Common Era (BCE) | 
            公元前 | 
          
        
          
            | 14 | 
            2 | 
            前 | 
            qián | 
            front | 
            前 | 
          
        
          
            | 15 | 
            2 | 
            前 | 
            qián | 
            former; the past | 
            前 | 
          
        
          
            | 16 | 
            2 | 
            前 | 
            qián | 
            to go forward | 
            前 | 
          
        
          
            | 17 | 
            2 | 
            前 | 
            qián | 
            preceding | 
            前 | 
          
        
          
            | 18 | 
            2 | 
            前 | 
            qián | 
            before; earlier; prior | 
            前 | 
          
        
          
            | 19 | 
            2 | 
            前 | 
            qián | 
            to appear before | 
            前 | 
          
        
          
            | 20 | 
            2 | 
            前 | 
            qián | 
            future | 
            前 | 
          
        
          
            | 21 | 
            2 | 
            前 | 
            qián | 
            top; first | 
            前 | 
          
        
          
            | 22 | 
            2 | 
            前 | 
            qián | 
            battlefront | 
            前 | 
          
        
          
            | 23 | 
            2 | 
            陶 | 
            táo | 
            Tao | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 24 | 
            2 | 
            陶 | 
            táo | 
            pottery; ceramics | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 25 | 
            2 | 
            陶 | 
            táo | 
            to make pottery | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 26 | 
            2 | 
            陶 | 
            táo | 
            to train; to groom | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 27 | 
            2 | 
            陶 | 
            yáo | 
            Yao | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 28 | 
            2 | 
            生肖 | 
            shēngxiào | 
            twelve animals of the Terrestrial Branches | 
            生肖 | 
          
        
          
            | 29 | 
            2 | 
            紫砂 | 
            zǐshā | 
            zisha | 
            紫砂 | 
          
        
          
            | 30 | 
            2 | 
            印纹 | 
            yìnwén | 
            impressions | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 31 | 
            2 | 
            世纪 | 
            shìjì | 
            century | 
            世纪 | 
          
        
          
            | 32 | 
            2 | 
            苏州 | 
            sūzhōu | 
            Suzhou | 
            苏州博物馆 | 
          
        
          
            | 33 | 
            1 | 
            东汉 | 
            dōng hàn | 
            Eastern Han | 
            东汉 | 
          
        
          
            | 34 | 
            1 | 
            战国 | 
            zhàn guó | 
            Warring States Period | 
            战国 | 
          
        
          
            | 35 | 
            1 | 
            战国 | 
            zhàn guó | 
            one of the seven warring states | 
            战国 | 
          
        
          
            | 36 | 
            1 | 
            硬陶 | 
            yìngtáo | 
            pottery with impressions | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 37 | 
            1 | 
            鼠 | 
            shǔ | 
            a rat; a mouse | 
            鼠 | 
          
        
          
            | 38 | 
            1 | 
            鼠 | 
            shǔ | 
            Kangxi radical 208 | 
            鼠 | 
          
        
          
            | 39 | 
            1 | 
            鼠 | 
            shǔ | 
            rodents | 
            鼠 | 
          
        
          
            | 40 | 
            1 | 
            鼠 | 
            shǔ | 
            anxious; agitated | 
            鼠 | 
          
        
          
            | 41 | 
            1 | 
            褐 | 
            hè | 
            coarse wool or hemp cloth | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 42 | 
            1 | 
            褐 | 
            hè | 
            gray or dark color | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 43 | 
            1 | 
            褐 | 
            hè | 
            a poor person | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 44 | 
            1 | 
            褐 | 
            hè | 
            He | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 45 | 
            1 | 
            骆驼 | 
            luòtuo | 
            camel | 
            上海青浦县骆驼墩出土 | 
          
        
          
            | 46 | 
            1 | 
            蝉 | 
            chán | 
            a cicada | 
            紫砂桂枝歇蝉笔架 | 
          
        
          
            | 47 | 
            1 | 
            蝉 | 
            chán | 
            continuous | 
            紫砂桂枝歇蝉笔架 | 
          
        
          
            | 48 | 
            1 | 
            刻 | 
            kè | 
            to carve; to engrave | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 49 | 
            1 | 
            刻 | 
            kè | 
            to write, cut or copy (a CD or DVD) | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 50 | 
            1 | 
            刻 | 
            kè | 
            a moment | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 51 | 
            1 | 
            刻 | 
            kè | 
            harsh; unkind | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 52 | 
            1 | 
            刻 | 
            kè | 
            in the highest degree | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 53 | 
            1 | 
            刻 | 
            kè | 
            to remember vividly | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 54 | 
            1 | 
            刻 | 
            kè | 
            to injure; to harm | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 55 | 
            1 | 
            刻 | 
            kè | 
            to restrict to; to limit | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 56 | 
            1 | 
            商 | 
            shāng | 
            commerce; trade | 
            商 | 
          
        
          
            | 57 | 
            1 | 
            商 | 
            shāng | 
            Shang Dynasty | 
            商 | 
          
        
          
            | 58 | 
            1 | 
            商 | 
            shāng | 
            to consult; to discuss | 
            商 | 
          
        
          
            | 59 | 
            1 | 
            商 | 
            shāng | 
            a merchant; a dealer | 
            商 | 
          
        
          
            | 60 | 
            1 | 
            商 | 
            shāng | 
            a merchant; a businessman | 
            商 | 
          
        
          
            | 61 | 
            1 | 
            商 | 
            shāng | 
            a quotient | 
            商 | 
          
        
          
            | 62 | 
            1 | 
            商 | 
            shāng | 
            to use a number as a quotient | 
            商 | 
          
        
          
            | 63 | 
            1 | 
            商 | 
            shāng | 
            shang | 
            商 | 
          
        
          
            | 64 | 
            1 | 
            商 | 
            shāng | 
            Shang | 
            商 | 
          
        
          
            | 65 | 
            1 | 
            绿 | 
            lǜ | 
            green | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 66 | 
            1 | 
            绿 | 
            lǜ | 
            chlorine | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 67 | 
            1 | 
            绿 | 
            lǜ | 
            frightened; angry | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 68 | 
            1 | 
            绿 | 
            lù | 
            a document predicting ascendance to the throne | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 69 | 
            1 | 
            釉陶 | 
            yòutáo | 
            glazed pottery | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 70 | 
            1 | 
            奁 | 
            lián | 
            a lady's vanity case | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 71 | 
            1 | 
            歇 | 
            xiē | 
            to rest; to stop; to lodge | 
            紫砂桂枝歇蝉笔架 | 
          
        
          
            | 72 | 
            1 | 
            朱 | 
            zhū | 
            vermilion | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 73 | 
            1 | 
            朱 | 
            zhū | 
            Zhu | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 74 | 
            1 | 
            朱 | 
            zhū | 
            cinnabar | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 75 | 
            1 | 
            绘 | 
            huì | 
            to draw; to sketch; to paint | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 76 | 
            1 | 
            刻花 | 
            kèhuā | 
            engraving | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 77 | 
            1 | 
            晚期 | 
            wǎnqī | 
            late period | 
            晚期 | 
          
        
          
            | 78 | 
            1 | 
            纹 | 
            wén | 
            a line; a streak; a stripe | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 79 | 
            1 | 
            纹 | 
            wén | 
            a wrinkle | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 80 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            top; a high position | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 81 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shang | 
            top; the position on or above something | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 82 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            to go up; to go forward | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 83 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            shang | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 84 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            previous; last | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 85 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            high; higher | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 86 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            advanced | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 87 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            a monarch; a sovereign | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 88 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            time | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 89 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            to do something; to do something at a set time; to go to | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 90 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            far | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 91 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            big; as big as | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 92 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            abundant; plentiful | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 93 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            to report | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 94 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            to offer | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 95 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            to go on stage | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 96 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            to take office; to assume a post | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 97 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            to install; to erect | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 98 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            to suffer; to sustain | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 99 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            to burn | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 100 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            to remember | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 101 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            to add | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 102 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            to fix; to install; to apply (powder, makeup, etc) | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 103 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            to meet | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 104 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            falling then rising (4th) tone | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 105 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shang | 
            used after a verb indicating a result | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 106 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            a musical note | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 107 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qīng | 
            clear; clean | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 108 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qīng | 
            Qing Dynasty | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 109 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qìng | 
            peaceful | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 110 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qìng | 
            transparent | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 111 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qìng | 
            upper six notes | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 112 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qìng | 
            distinctive | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 113 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qìng | 
            lofty and unsullied; honest | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 114 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qìng | 
            elegant; graceful | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 115 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qìng | 
            to eliminate; to clean | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 116 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qìng | 
            to tidy up | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 117 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qìng | 
            to pay the bill; to settle accounts | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 118 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qìng | 
            to check a total; to recalculate | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 119 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qìng | 
            blood serum | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 120 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qìng | 
            Qing | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 121 | 
            1 | 
            首都 | 
            shǒudū | 
            capital city | 
            首都博物馆 | 
          
        
          
            | 122 | 
            1 | 
            唐 | 
            táng | 
            Tang Dynasty | 
            唐 | 
          
        
          
            | 123 | 
            1 | 
            唐 | 
            táng | 
            Tang | 
            唐 | 
          
        
          
            | 124 | 
            1 | 
            唐 | 
            táng | 
            exagerated | 
            唐 | 
          
        
          
            | 125 | 
            1 | 
            唐 | 
            táng | 
            vast; extensive | 
            唐 | 
          
        
          
            | 126 | 
            1 | 
            唐 | 
            táng | 
            a garden area; courtyard path | 
            唐 | 
          
        
          
            | 127 | 
            1 | 
            唐 | 
            táng | 
            China | 
            唐 | 
          
        
          
            | 128 | 
            1 | 
            唐 | 
            táng | 
            rude | 
            唐 | 
          
        
          
            | 129 | 
            1 | 
            县 | 
            xiàn | 
            county | 
            上海青浦县骆驼墩出土 | 
          
        
          
            | 130 | 
            1 | 
            县 | 
            xuán | 
            to suspend | 
            上海青浦县骆驼墩出土 | 
          
        
          
            | 131 | 
            1 | 
            县 | 
            xuán | 
            to evaluate; to weigh | 
            上海青浦县骆驼墩出土 | 
          
        
          
            | 132 | 
            1 | 
            县 | 
            xuán | 
            to express | 
            上海青浦县骆驼墩出土 | 
          
        
          
            | 133 | 
            1 | 
            赤陶 | 
            chìtáo | 
            terracotta | 
            赤陶 | 
          
        
          
            | 134 | 
            1 | 
            笔架 | 
            bǐjià | 
            pen rack; pen-holder | 
            紫砂桂枝歇蝉笔架 | 
          
        
          
            | 135 | 
            1 | 
            青浦 | 
            qīngpǔ | 
            Qingpu suburban | 
            上海青浦县骆驼墩出土 | 
          
        
          
            | 136 | 
            1 | 
            墩 | 
            dūn | 
            a heap; a mound; a block of stone | 
            上海青浦县骆驼墩出土 | 
          
        
          
            | 137 | 
            1 | 
            出土 | 
            chūtǔ | 
            to dig up; to unearth | 
            上海青浦县骆驼墩出土 | 
          
        
          
            | 138 | 
            1 | 
            盘 | 
            pán | 
            a plate; a shallow dish | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 139 | 
            1 | 
            盘 | 
            pán | 
            to examine | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 140 | 
            1 | 
            盘 | 
            pán | 
            crooked | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 141 | 
            1 | 
            盘 | 
            pán | 
            a bronze plate | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 142 | 
            1 | 
            盘 | 
            pán | 
            a tray; a board | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 143 | 
            1 | 
            盘 | 
            pán | 
            trading price | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 144 | 
            1 | 
            盘 | 
            pán | 
            home area | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 145 | 
            1 | 
            盘 | 
            pán | 
            Pan | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 146 | 
            1 | 
            盘 | 
            pán | 
            to coil around | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 147 | 
            1 | 
            盘 | 
            pán | 
            to circle around | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 148 | 
            1 | 
            盘 | 
            pán | 
            to cross askew | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 149 | 
            1 | 
            盘 | 
            pán | 
            to plan; to calculate | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 150 | 
            1 | 
            俑 | 
            yǒng | 
            wooden or clay figures buried with the dead | 
            陶生肖俑 | 
          
        
          
            | 151 | 
            1 | 
            白陶 | 
            bái táo | 
            white pottery | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 152 | 
            1 | 
            莲 | 
            lián | 
            lotus; Indian lotus; sacred lotus | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 153 | 
            1 | 
            罍 | 
            léi | 
            lei; a large earthenware wine jar | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 154 | 
            1 | 
            瓣 | 
            bàn | 
            petal | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 155 | 
            1 | 
            瓣 | 
            bàn | 
            melon seed | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 156 | 
            1 | 
            瓣 | 
            bàn | 
            section of the fruit of a melon | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 157 | 
            1 | 
            瓣 | 
            bàn | 
            valve | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 158 | 
            1 | 
            西周 | 
            xī zhōu | 
            Western Zhou | 
            西周 | 
          
        
          
            | 159 | 
            1 | 
            尊 | 
            zūn | 
            to honor; to respect | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 160 | 
            1 | 
            尊 | 
            zūn | 
            a zun; an ancient wine vessel | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 161 | 
            1 | 
            尊 | 
            zūn | 
            a wine cup | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 162 | 
            1 | 
            尊 | 
            zūn | 
            respected; honorable; noble; senior | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 163 | 
            1 | 
            尊 | 
            zūn | 
            supreme; high | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 164 | 
            1 | 
            尊 | 
            zūn | 
            grave; solemn; dignified | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 165 | 
            1 | 
            桂枝 | 
            guìzhī | 
            cinnamon | 
            紫砂桂枝歇蝉笔架 | 
          
        
        
      
      Frequencies of all Words
      Top 184
      
        
          
            | Rank | 
            Frequency | 
            Chinese | 
            Pinyin | 
            English | 
            Usage | 
          
        
        
        
          
            | 1 | 
            6 | 
            博物馆 | 
            bówùguǎn | 
            museum | 
            上海博物馆 | 
          
        
          
            | 2 | 
            5 | 
            年 | 
            nián | 
            year | 
            年 | 
          
        
          
            | 3 | 
            5 | 
            年 | 
            nián | 
            New Year festival | 
            年 | 
          
        
          
            | 4 | 
            5 | 
            年 | 
            nián | 
            age | 
            年 | 
          
        
          
            | 5 | 
            5 | 
            年 | 
            nián | 
            life span; life expectancy | 
            年 | 
          
        
          
            | 6 | 
            5 | 
            年 | 
            nián | 
            an era; a period | 
            年 | 
          
        
          
            | 7 | 
            5 | 
            年 | 
            nián | 
            a date | 
            年 | 
          
        
          
            | 8 | 
            5 | 
            年 | 
            nián | 
            time; years | 
            年 | 
          
        
          
            | 9 | 
            5 | 
            年 | 
            nián | 
            harvest | 
            年 | 
          
        
          
            | 10 | 
            5 | 
            年 | 
            nián | 
            annual; every year | 
            年 | 
          
        
          
            | 11 | 
            4 | 
            上海 | 
            shànghǎi | 
            Shanghai | 
            上海博物馆 | 
          
        
          
            | 12 | 
            3 | 
            公元 | 
            gōngyuán | 
            Christian era (CE); Gregorian calendar; AD (Anno Domini) | 
            公元 | 
          
        
          
            | 13 | 
            3 | 
            公元前 | 
            gōngyuán qián | 
            Before the Common Era (BCE) | 
            公元前 | 
          
        
          
            | 14 | 
            2 | 
            前 | 
            qián | 
            front | 
            前 | 
          
        
          
            | 15 | 
            2 | 
            前 | 
            qián | 
            former; the past | 
            前 | 
          
        
          
            | 16 | 
            2 | 
            前 | 
            qián | 
            to go forward | 
            前 | 
          
        
          
            | 17 | 
            2 | 
            前 | 
            qián | 
            preceding | 
            前 | 
          
        
          
            | 18 | 
            2 | 
            前 | 
            qián | 
            before; earlier; prior | 
            前 | 
          
        
          
            | 19 | 
            2 | 
            前 | 
            qián | 
            to appear before | 
            前 | 
          
        
          
            | 20 | 
            2 | 
            前 | 
            qián | 
            future | 
            前 | 
          
        
          
            | 21 | 
            2 | 
            前 | 
            qián | 
            top; first | 
            前 | 
          
        
          
            | 22 | 
            2 | 
            前 | 
            qián | 
            battlefront | 
            前 | 
          
        
          
            | 23 | 
            2 | 
            前 | 
            qián | 
            pre- | 
            前 | 
          
        
          
            | 24 | 
            2 | 
            陶 | 
            táo | 
            Tao | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 25 | 
            2 | 
            陶 | 
            táo | 
            pottery; ceramics | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 26 | 
            2 | 
            陶 | 
            táo | 
            to make pottery | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 27 | 
            2 | 
            陶 | 
            táo | 
            to train; to groom | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 28 | 
            2 | 
            陶 | 
            yáo | 
            Yao | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 29 | 
            2 | 
            生肖 | 
            shēngxiào | 
            twelve animals of the Terrestrial Branches | 
            生肖 | 
          
        
          
            | 30 | 
            2 | 
            紫砂 | 
            zǐshā | 
            zisha | 
            紫砂 | 
          
        
          
            | 31 | 
            2 | 
            印纹 | 
            yìnwén | 
            impressions | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 32 | 
            2 | 
            世纪 | 
            shìjì | 
            century | 
            世纪 | 
          
        
          
            | 33 | 
            2 | 
            苏州 | 
            sūzhōu | 
            Suzhou | 
            苏州博物馆 | 
          
        
          
            | 34 | 
            1 | 
            东汉 | 
            dōng hàn | 
            Eastern Han | 
            东汉 | 
          
        
          
            | 35 | 
            1 | 
            战国 | 
            zhàn guó | 
            Warring States Period | 
            战国 | 
          
        
          
            | 36 | 
            1 | 
            战国 | 
            zhàn guó | 
            one of the seven warring states | 
            战国 | 
          
        
          
            | 37 | 
            1 | 
            硬陶 | 
            yìngtáo | 
            pottery with impressions | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 38 | 
            1 | 
            鼠 | 
            shǔ | 
            a rat; a mouse | 
            鼠 | 
          
        
          
            | 39 | 
            1 | 
            鼠 | 
            shǔ | 
            Kangxi radical 208 | 
            鼠 | 
          
        
          
            | 40 | 
            1 | 
            鼠 | 
            shǔ | 
            rodents | 
            鼠 | 
          
        
          
            | 41 | 
            1 | 
            鼠 | 
            shǔ | 
            anxious; agitated | 
            鼠 | 
          
        
          
            | 42 | 
            1 | 
            褐 | 
            hè | 
            coarse wool or hemp cloth | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 43 | 
            1 | 
            褐 | 
            hè | 
            gray or dark color | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 44 | 
            1 | 
            褐 | 
            hè | 
            a poor person | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 45 | 
            1 | 
            褐 | 
            hè | 
            He | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 46 | 
            1 | 
            骆驼 | 
            luòtuo | 
            camel | 
            上海青浦县骆驼墩出土 | 
          
        
          
            | 47 | 
            1 | 
            蝉 | 
            chán | 
            a cicada | 
            紫砂桂枝歇蝉笔架 | 
          
        
          
            | 48 | 
            1 | 
            蝉 | 
            chán | 
            continuous | 
            紫砂桂枝歇蝉笔架 | 
          
        
          
            | 49 | 
            1 | 
            刻 | 
            kè | 
            to carve; to engrave | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 50 | 
            1 | 
            刻 | 
            kè | 
            to write, cut or copy (a CD or DVD) | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 51 | 
            1 | 
            刻 | 
            kè | 
            a quarter of an hour | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 52 | 
            1 | 
            刻 | 
            kè | 
            a moment | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 53 | 
            1 | 
            刻 | 
            kè | 
            harsh; unkind | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 54 | 
            1 | 
            刻 | 
            kè | 
            in the highest degree | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 55 | 
            1 | 
            刻 | 
            kè | 
            to remember vividly | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 56 | 
            1 | 
            刻 | 
            kè | 
            to injure; to harm | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 57 | 
            1 | 
            刻 | 
            kè | 
            to restrict to; to limit | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 58 | 
            1 | 
            商 | 
            shāng | 
            commerce; trade | 
            商 | 
          
        
          
            | 59 | 
            1 | 
            商 | 
            shāng | 
            Shang Dynasty | 
            商 | 
          
        
          
            | 60 | 
            1 | 
            商 | 
            shāng | 
            to consult; to discuss | 
            商 | 
          
        
          
            | 61 | 
            1 | 
            商 | 
            shāng | 
            a merchant; a dealer | 
            商 | 
          
        
          
            | 62 | 
            1 | 
            商 | 
            shāng | 
            a merchant; a businessman | 
            商 | 
          
        
          
            | 63 | 
            1 | 
            商 | 
            shāng | 
            a quotient | 
            商 | 
          
        
          
            | 64 | 
            1 | 
            商 | 
            shāng | 
            to use a number as a quotient | 
            商 | 
          
        
          
            | 65 | 
            1 | 
            商 | 
            shāng | 
            shang | 
            商 | 
          
        
          
            | 66 | 
            1 | 
            商 | 
            shāng | 
            Shang | 
            商 | 
          
        
          
            | 67 | 
            1 | 
            绿 | 
            lǜ | 
            green | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 68 | 
            1 | 
            绿 | 
            lǜ | 
            chlorine | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 69 | 
            1 | 
            绿 | 
            lǜ | 
            frightened; angry | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 70 | 
            1 | 
            绿 | 
            lù | 
            a document predicting ascendance to the throne | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 71 | 
            1 | 
            釉陶 | 
            yòutáo | 
            glazed pottery | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 72 | 
            1 | 
            奁 | 
            lián | 
            a lady's vanity case | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 73 | 
            1 | 
            歇 | 
            xiē | 
            to rest; to stop; to lodge | 
            紫砂桂枝歇蝉笔架 | 
          
        
          
            | 74 | 
            1 | 
            朱 | 
            zhū | 
            vermilion | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 75 | 
            1 | 
            朱 | 
            zhū | 
            Zhu | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 76 | 
            1 | 
            朱 | 
            zhū | 
            cinnabar | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 77 | 
            1 | 
            绘 | 
            huì | 
            to draw; to sketch; to paint | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 78 | 
            1 | 
            刻花 | 
            kèhuā | 
            engraving | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 79 | 
            1 | 
            晚期 | 
            wǎnqī | 
            late period | 
            晚期 | 
          
        
          
            | 80 | 
            1 | 
            纹 | 
            wén | 
            a line; a streak; a stripe | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 81 | 
            1 | 
            纹 | 
            wén | 
            a wrinkle | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 82 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            top; a high position | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 83 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shang | 
            top; the position on or above something | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 84 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            to go up; to go forward | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 85 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            shang | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 86 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            previous; last | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 87 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            high; higher | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 88 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            advanced | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 89 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            a monarch; a sovereign | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 90 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            time | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 91 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            to do something; to do something at a set time; to go to | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 92 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            far | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 93 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            big; as big as | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 94 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            abundant; plentiful | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 95 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            to report | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 96 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            to offer | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 97 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            to go on stage | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 98 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            to take office; to assume a post | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 99 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            to install; to erect | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 100 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            to suffer; to sustain | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 101 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            to burn | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 102 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            to remember | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 103 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shang | 
            on; in | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 104 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            upward | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 105 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            to add | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 106 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            to fix; to install; to apply (powder, makeup, etc) | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 107 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            to meet | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 108 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            falling then rising (4th) tone | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 109 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shang | 
            used after a verb indicating a result | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 110 | 
            1 | 
            上 | 
            shàng | 
            a musical note | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 111 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qīng | 
            clear; clean | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 112 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qīng | 
            Qing Dynasty | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 113 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qìng | 
            peaceful | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 114 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qìng | 
            transparent | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 115 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qìng | 
            upper six notes | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 116 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qìng | 
            distinctive | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 117 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qìng | 
            lofty and unsullied; honest | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 118 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qìng | 
            elegant; graceful | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 119 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qìng | 
            purely | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 120 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qìng | 
            completely gone; with nothing remaining | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 121 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qìng | 
            clearly; obviously | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 122 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qìng | 
            to eliminate; to clean | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 123 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qìng | 
            to tidy up | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 124 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qìng | 
            to pay the bill; to settle accounts | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 125 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qìng | 
            to check a total; to recalculate | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 126 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qìng | 
            blood serum | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 127 | 
            1 | 
            清 | 
            qìng | 
            Qing | 
            清 | 
          
        
          
            | 128 | 
            1 | 
            首都 | 
            shǒudū | 
            capital city | 
            首都博物馆 | 
          
        
          
            | 129 | 
            1 | 
            唐 | 
            táng | 
            Tang Dynasty | 
            唐 | 
          
        
          
            | 130 | 
            1 | 
            唐 | 
            táng | 
            Tang | 
            唐 | 
          
        
          
            | 131 | 
            1 | 
            唐 | 
            táng | 
            exagerated | 
            唐 | 
          
        
          
            | 132 | 
            1 | 
            唐 | 
            táng | 
            vast; extensive | 
            唐 | 
          
        
          
            | 133 | 
            1 | 
            唐 | 
            táng | 
            in vain; for nothing | 
            唐 | 
          
        
          
            | 134 | 
            1 | 
            唐 | 
            táng | 
            a garden area; courtyard path | 
            唐 | 
          
        
          
            | 135 | 
            1 | 
            唐 | 
            táng | 
            China | 
            唐 | 
          
        
          
            | 136 | 
            1 | 
            唐 | 
            táng | 
            rude | 
            唐 | 
          
        
          
            | 137 | 
            1 | 
            县 | 
            xiàn | 
            county | 
            上海青浦县骆驼墩出土 | 
          
        
          
            | 138 | 
            1 | 
            县 | 
            xuán | 
            to suspend | 
            上海青浦县骆驼墩出土 | 
          
        
          
            | 139 | 
            1 | 
            县 | 
            xuán | 
            to evaluate; to weigh | 
            上海青浦县骆驼墩出土 | 
          
        
          
            | 140 | 
            1 | 
            县 | 
            xuán | 
            to express | 
            上海青浦县骆驼墩出土 | 
          
        
          
            | 141 | 
            1 | 
            县 | 
            xuán | 
            remote | 
            上海青浦县骆驼墩出土 | 
          
        
          
            | 142 | 
            1 | 
            赤陶 | 
            chìtáo | 
            terracotta | 
            赤陶 | 
          
        
          
            | 143 | 
            1 | 
            的 | 
            de | 
            possessive particle | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 144 | 
            1 | 
            的 | 
            de | 
            structural particle | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 145 | 
            1 | 
            的 | 
            de | 
            complement | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 146 | 
            1 | 
            的 | 
            de | 
            a substitute for something already referred to | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 147 | 
            1 | 
            的 | 
            dí | 
            indeed; really | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 148 | 
            1 | 
            笔架 | 
            bǐjià | 
            pen rack; pen-holder | 
            紫砂桂枝歇蝉笔架 | 
          
        
          
            | 149 | 
            1 | 
            青浦 | 
            qīngpǔ | 
            Qingpu suburban | 
            上海青浦县骆驼墩出土 | 
          
        
          
            | 150 | 
            1 | 
            墩 | 
            dūn | 
            a heap; a mound; a block of stone | 
            上海青浦县骆驼墩出土 | 
          
        
          
            | 151 | 
            1 | 
            墩 | 
            dūn | 
            a measure word for clusters of plants; a measure word for rounds in a card game | 
            上海青浦县骆驼墩出土 | 
          
        
          
            | 152 | 
            1 | 
            出土 | 
            chūtǔ | 
            to dig up; to unearth | 
            上海青浦县骆驼墩出土 | 
          
        
          
            | 153 | 
            1 | 
            盘 | 
            pán | 
            a plate; a shallow dish | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 154 | 
            1 | 
            盘 | 
            pán | 
            to examine | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 155 | 
            1 | 
            盘 | 
            pán | 
            used for dishes of food or coils | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 156 | 
            1 | 
            盘 | 
            pán | 
            crooked | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 157 | 
            1 | 
            盘 | 
            pán | 
            a bronze plate | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 158 | 
            1 | 
            盘 | 
            pán | 
            a tray; a board | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 159 | 
            1 | 
            盘 | 
            pán | 
            trading price | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 160 | 
            1 | 
            盘 | 
            pán | 
            home area | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 161 | 
            1 | 
            盘 | 
            pán | 
            Pan | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 162 | 
            1 | 
            盘 | 
            pán | 
            to coil around | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 163 | 
            1 | 
            盘 | 
            pán | 
            to circle around | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 164 | 
            1 | 
            盘 | 
            pán | 
            to cross askew | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 165 | 
            1 | 
            盘 | 
            pán | 
            to plan; to calculate | 
            朱绘陶盘 | 
          
        
          
            | 166 | 
            1 | 
            俑 | 
            yǒng | 
            wooden or clay figures buried with the dead | 
            陶生肖俑 | 
          
        
          
            | 167 | 
            1 | 
            白陶 | 
            bái táo | 
            white pottery | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 168 | 
            1 | 
            莲 | 
            lián | 
            lotus; Indian lotus; sacred lotus | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 169 | 
            1 | 
            罍 | 
            léi | 
            lei; a large earthenware wine jar | 
            硬陶罍上的印纹 | 
          
        
          
            | 170 | 
            1 | 
            瓣 | 
            bàn | 
            petal | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 171 | 
            1 | 
            瓣 | 
            bàn | 
            section | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 172 | 
            1 | 
            瓣 | 
            bàn | 
            melon seed | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 173 | 
            1 | 
            瓣 | 
            bàn | 
            section of the fruit of a melon | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 174 | 
            1 | 
            瓣 | 
            bàn | 
            valve | 
            褐绿釉陶刻花莲瓣奁 | 
          
        
          
            | 175 | 
            1 | 
            西周 | 
            xī zhōu | 
            Western Zhou | 
            西周 | 
          
        
          
            | 176 | 
            1 | 
            尊 | 
            zūn | 
            to honor; to respect | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 177 | 
            1 | 
            尊 | 
            zūn | 
            measure word for cannons and statues | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 178 | 
            1 | 
            尊 | 
            zūn | 
            a zun; an ancient wine vessel | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 179 | 
            1 | 
            尊 | 
            zūn | 
            a wine cup | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 180 | 
            1 | 
            尊 | 
            zūn | 
            respected; honorable; noble; senior | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 181 | 
            1 | 
            尊 | 
            zūn | 
            supreme; high | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 182 | 
            1 | 
            尊 | 
            zūn | 
            grave; solemn; dignified | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 183 | 
            1 | 
            尊 | 
            zūn | 
            your [honorable] | 
            白陶刻纹尊 | 
          
        
          
            | 184 | 
            1 | 
            桂枝 | 
            guìzhī | 
            cinnamon | 
            紫砂桂枝歇蝉笔架 | 
          
        
        
      
      
      
      People, places
      and other proper nouns
 
      
        
          | Simplified | 
          Traditional | 
          Pinyin | 
          English | 
        
        
          
            | 东汉 | 
            東漢 | 
            100 | 
            
               Eastern Han 
             | 
          
        
          
            | 青浦 | 
             | 
            113 | 
            
               Qingpu suburban 
             | 
          
        
          
            | 上海 | 
             | 
            115 | 
            
               Shanghai 
             | 
          
        
          
            | 苏州 | 
            蘇州 | 
            115 | 
            
               Suzhou 
             | 
          
        
          
            | 西周 | 
             | 
            120 | 
            
               Western Zhou 
             | 
          
        
          
            | 战国 | 
            戰國 | 
            122 | 
            
               - Warring States Period
 - one of the seven warring states
  
              
             | 
          
        
          
            | 紫砂 | 
             | 
            122 | 
            
               zisha 
             | 
          
        
      
      
      
      Glossary
      
        Buddhist terminology, except the proper nouns listed above. Number of
        terms: 0.
      
        
          | Simplified | 
          Traditional | 
          Pinyin | 
          English |